A comprehensive narrative review synthesizing epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies for dengue; provides expert synthesis and recommendations rather than new primary evidence.
In vitro experimental study of nanoparticle synthesis and characterization with antimicrobial testing against a single bacterial strain; no clinical data, comparative quantification, or validation in relevant systems.
Single-centre, retrospective laboratory surveillance of bacterial isolates with descriptive epidemiology and resistance patterns; provides local data to guide therapy but lacks clinical outcomes, prospective enrolment, or comparison groups.
A small cross-sectional descriptive study of bacterial isolates from burn samples with morphological and molecular characterization, but no clinical outcomes, no comparator group, and no hypothesis testing.
A retrospective descriptive analysis of TB registry data from a single province over four years, identifying epidemiological patterns but lacking comparative design, control group, or intervention evaluation to support practice change.
Single-centre retrospective laboratory surveillance study describing bacterial distribution and resistance patterns without intervention, comparator, or hypothesis testing; useful for local epidemiology but limited generalizability and no causal inference.
Early-phase in vitro and in vivo mechanistic study in animal models with surrogate endpoints (gene expression and apoptosis markers); lacks human data, clinical outcomes, and adequate statistical reporting to support clinical translation.