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Depression / Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Journal article
Journal of Affective Disorders · August 18, 2026
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This cross-sectional network analysis of 1568 adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms and 413 with elevated anxiety symptoms identifies associations between pallidum and nucleus accumbens volumes and symptom profiles, without establishing causation or clinical utility. The findings are exploratory; they map symptom structure and candidate brain regions but do not yet support intervention design or clinical decision-making.
Cross-sectional observational study with network analysis. Adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (n=1568) and elevated anxiety symptoms (n=413) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study; specific inclusion criteria and setting not detailed in abstract.. n = 1,981.
Concentration difficulties emerged as the shared central symptom across depression and anxiety symptom networks. Left- and right-pallidum volumes exhibited the highest bridge centrality in connection with depressive symptoms. Left-nucleus accumbens volume showed the highest bridge centrality in connection with anxiety symptoms.
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These findings suggest subcortical structures as potential neural correlates of adolescent depression and anxiety symptom profiles, but do not yet support clinical implementation. Further research establishing causation, longitudinal associations, and predictive validity is needed before informing targeted interventions.
Cross-sectional network analysis of brain structure and self-reported symptoms in adolescents, identifying associations without establishing causation, clinical outcomes, or intervention efficacy.
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These findings suggest subcortical structures as potential neural correlates of adolescent depression and anxiety symptom profiles, but do not yet support clinical implementation. Further research establishing causation, longitudinal associations, and predictive validity is needed before informing targeted interventions.
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Background. Anxiety and depression show substantial heterogeneity and often emerge in adolescence. However, their brain structural associations from a symptom-oriented perspective remain unclear. This study investigated the symptom structures of adolescent anxiety and depression and identified key brain regions linking brain structure to symptoms.Methods. A total of 1568 adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms and 413 adolescents with elevated anxiety symptoms were identified from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Participants completed symptom assessments and underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanning. A total of ten symptom-only networks and symptom-brain networks were constructed to identify the central symptoms and the key brain structure associated with depression and anxiety symptoms.Results. In the symptom-only networks, concentration difficulties emerged as the shared central symptom, while self-hatred and irritability were the unique central symptoms for depression and anxiety, respectively. In the symptom-brain networks, left- and right-pallidum volumes exhibited the highest bridge centrality in connection with depressive symptoms, whereas left-nucleus accumbens volume showed the highest bridge centrality in connection with anxiety symptoms. Cortical structures showed sparse connections with both depressive and anxiety symptoms.Conclusion. Our findings highlight the pallidum and nucleus accumbens as key brain regions linking brain structure to adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms. These results provide insights into the neural mechanisms of depression and anxiety from a symptom-oriented perspective and may inform targeted interventions for at-risk youth.
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