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Preclinical study using cell lines and mouse models with mechanistic findings; no human trials, no clinical efficacy data, and no quantified effect sizes reported.
This is a narrative review synthesizing evidence from multiple disease models to generate a mechanistic framework for myosteatosis in T1D; the authors explicitly state direct mechanistic data from T1D skeletal muscle are scarce and the framework is deliberately hypothesis-generating, assembled substantially by inference from T2D, obesity, and ageing models.
A mechanistic study identifying a metabolic pathway and proposing drug targets, but without clinical efficacy data, human trials, or validation of the proposed combination therapy.
Integrated multi-omics analysis in a large single-centre TNBC cohort with mechanistic mouse experiments and supportive clinical trial data, but observational design, no randomized comparator, and reliance on retrospective trial analysis limit definitive claims about causation or clinical practice change.
A rigorous meta-analysis of 48 RCTs with 48,765 participants showing no significant association between SGLT2 inhibitors and gastrointestinal neoplasm risk, with consistent null findings across multiple site-specific and subgroup analyses, though long-term safety remains incompletely characterized.
A narrative review synthesizing evidence on pharmacological strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention in obese individuals, grading existing agents by strength of preventive evidence and positioning incretin agonists within the prevention landscape.
A narrative review synthesizing mechanistic observations about shared metabolic pathways in cancer and SLE, proposing therapeutic hypotheses rather than reporting new empirical evidence or clinical outcomes.
A mechanistically detailed single-centre preclinical study using knockout mice and cell lines showing improved insulin signaling in adipocyte-specific IRF1 deficiency, but limited by lack of clinical translation, small sample size reporting, and surrogate endpoints rather than hard clinical outcomes.