Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) occur at 1.5–2-fold higher rates among adults with obesity or metabolic syndrome. Ti
A mechanistic review proposing amyloid-β as protective rather than toxic, synthesizing existing literature without new empirical data or clinical outcomes.
A narrative systematic review synthesizing fragmented evidence across heterogeneous studies with inconsistent methodologies, diagnostic criteria, and sampling approaches; identifies research trends and gaps rather than establishing definitive epidemiological or causal estimates.
Retrospective cohort study of modest size with exploratory biomarker associations in a rare subgroup; joint-model findings acknowledged by authors as hypothesis-generating and requiring caution.