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Life sciences · Journal article
Nursing Open · September 1, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This cross-sectional survey of 97 rotating nurse managers in Western China found that health status, perception of the rotation system, and informed consent prior to rotation were independently associated with presenteeism scores (SPS-6), accounting for 38% of variance. The authors explicitly acknowledge the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and the convenience sample limits generalizability.
Cross-sectional survey study. Rotating nurse managers with recent rotation experience from 15 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Western China who were eligible and completed the survey. Intervention: None (observational study examining presenteeism and associated factors). n = 97. 15 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Western China.
Mean SPS-6 score was 16.22 ± 5.22 (higher indicates greater health-related productivity impairment) Health status independently associated with SPS-6 (B = 2.907, 95% CI: 0.725–5.089, p = 0.010) Perception of the rotation system independently associated with SPS-6 (B = 2.189, 95% CI: 0.197–4.181, p = 0.032)
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The findings suggest that healthcare institutions addressing nurse manager presenteeism should attend to both individual health status and organizational factors such as clarity of communication and informed participation in rotation decisions. However, the cross-sectional design prevents attribution of causation, and results may not generalize beyond Western China.
A small convenience-sampled cross-sectional study (n=97) in a single region identifying associations with presenteeism via survey instruments, without causal design or hard clinical outcomes, and acknowledged by authors as non-causal.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
The findings suggest that healthcare institutions addressing nurse manager presenteeism should attend to both individual health status and organizational factors such as clarity of communication and informed participation in rotation decisions. However, the cross-sectional design prevents attribution of causation, and results may not generalize beyond Western China.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the current status of presenteeism and its associated factors among rotating nurse managers in Western China and to provide insights for nursing practice. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods A convenience sampling method was used. The questionnaire was distributed through nursing management departments and professional contacts across 15 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Western China, and 97 eligible nurse managers with recent rotation experience completed the survey. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale‐6 (SPS‐6), and the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Associations with SPS‐6 scores were examined using univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. The number of rotations was treated as a categorical predictor, and a sensitivity analysis was additionally performed by adjusting for years as a nurse manager as a theoretically relevant covariate. Data Sources The questionnaire was distributed across 15 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Western China in 2025, and data from 97 eligible rotating nurse managers were included in the analysis. Results The mean SPS‐6 score among the 97 rotating nurse managers was 16.22 ± 5.22, with higher scores indicating greater health‐related productivity impairment. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in SPS‐6 scores according to hospital level, rotation frequency, health status, perception of the rotation system, and informed consent prior to rotation (all p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed a weak positive correlation between physical demands and SPS‐6 scores ( r = 0.228, p < 0.05). In the primary multiple linear regression model, health status ( B = 2.907, 95% CI: 0.725–5.089, p = 0.010), perception of the rotation system ( B = 2.189, 95% CI: 0.197–4.181, p = 0.032), and informed consent prior to rotation ( B = 2.977, 95% CI: 1.057–4.897, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with SPS‐6 scores. Hospital level, physical demands, and the individual rotation‐frequency categories were not significantly associated with SPS‐6 scores in the multivariable model. The model explained 38.0% of the variance ( R 2 = 0.431, adjusted R 2 = 0.380; F = 8.345, p < 0.001). The main findings remained consistent in the sensitivity analysis after additional adjustment for years as a nurse manager. Conclusion Health status, perception of the rotation system, and informed consent prior to rotation were independently associated with SPS‐6 scores among rotating nurse managers. Given that higher SPS‐6 scores indicate greater health‐related productivity impairment, these findings suggest that both health‐related and organizational factors are relevant to presenteeism in this population. Given the cross‐sectional design, the observed associations should not be interpreted as causal relationships. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care The findings highlight the importance of considering nurse managers' health status and organizational factors related to the rotation process. Healthcare institutions may consider strengthening communication, participation, and organizational support during nurse manager rotation. Impact This study provides evidence on presenteeism and its associated factors among rotating nurse managers. The findings may inform the development and refinement of organizational support and rotation‐management practices for nurse managers. Reporting Method This study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution No patients or members of the public were involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination of this study.
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