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Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery / Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications · Journal article
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · August 18, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a bench-scale in vitro study characterizing iron oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized from a plant source and testing their effects on gastric cancer cells and bacteria. The nanoparticles showed dose-dependent reduction in cancer cell viability (66.07% at 1000 µg/mL) and hyperthermia-induced killing (44.3% viability under magnetic field), but the work remains preclinical and does not address efficacy, toxicity, or tolerability in animals or humans.
In vitro experimental study. Human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. Setting and culture conditions not fully detailed.. Intervention: PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles biosynthesized from Alborzia kermanshahica; alternating magnetic field for hyperthermia..
Magnetic field exposure increased phycocyanin production, with 6-h treatment yielding highest absorbance of 0.749 at 620 nm and concentration of 0.0968 mg/mL PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles reduced AGS gastric cancer cell viability to 66.07% at 1000 µg/mL concentration Hyperthermia via alternating magnetic field raised nanoparticle temperature to ~42 °C and reduced cell viability to 44.3%
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
This work is preclinical and cannot yet inform clinical practice. The results suggest a potential avenue for nanoparticle-based therapy but require rigorous in vivo toxicology, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution studies, and animal efficacy models before clinical translation can be considered.
In vitro mechanistic study of a biosynthesized nanoparticle platform in cancer cells; demonstrates proof-of-concept but lacks in vivo validation, clinical endpoints, or comparison to standard-of-care therapy.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
This work is preclinical and cannot yet inform clinical practice. The results suggest a potential avenue for nanoparticle-based therapy but require rigorous in vivo toxicology, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution studies, and animal efficacy models before clinical translation can be considered.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Gastric cancer is difficult to treat, and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles biosynthesized via Alborzia kermanshahica offer promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and magnetic hyperthermia potential due to their unique physicochemical properties and controllability. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were biosynthesized from A. kermanshahica cultured under a static magnetic field, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized, characterized for physicochemical properties, and evaluated in vitro for antibacterial, anticancer, oxidative stress, cytokine modulation, and magnetic hyperthermia effects. Exposure to the static magnetic field significantly enhanced phycocyanin production, with the 6-h treatment yielding the highest absorbance (0.749 at 620 nm), concentration (0.0968 mg/mL), and purity (0.274). Biosynthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed a characteristic UV-Vis peak at 430 nm, with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirming Fe–O bond formation and successful PEG functionalization. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated particle sizes of 12.86 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) and 14–40 nm (spherical morphology), with zeta potentials of -17.7 mV (uncoated) and 32.4 mV (PEG-coated). PEG-coated nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration MIC/MBC: 1.5625 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus; 3.125 mg/mL against Escherichia coli), with TEM confirming bacterial cell wall disruption. In human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, PEG-coated nanoparticles caused a concentration-dependent reduction in viability (66.07% at 1000 µg/mL), accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (to 43.63% and 51.52%, respectively). Under an alternating magnetic field, PEG-coated nanoparticles reached ~ 42 °C, and hyperthermia treatment reduced cell viability to 44.3%, corroborated by morphological changes observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PEG-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles biosynthesized via A. kermanshahica demonstrated potent antibacterial and anticancer effects through oxidative stress induction, highlighting their potential as a multifunctional platform for magnetic hyperthermia and minimally invasive cancer therapy.
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