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Urinary Tract Infections Management · Journal article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive · July 27, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This qualitative case study identifies nine interconnected factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance in Sri Lanka through key informant interviews and review of policy documents and literature. The work is exploratory and generates recommendations for stewardship programmes but does not quantify the magnitude of each factor's contribution or measure the effect of any intervention.
Qualitative case study. Healthcare professionals in Sri Lanka; national policies, guidelines, surveillance data, and scientific literature on AMR. Intervention: Qualitative analysis of factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance; no intervention tested. Sri Lanka.
Inadequate knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship among healthcare workers identified as a contributing factor Inappropriate prescribing practices and poor adherence to national treatment guidelines documented Easy access to antibiotics without prescriptions and limited regulation of community antibiotic use highlighted
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
A qualitative case study using key informant interviews and document review to identify factors contributing to AMR in Sri Lanka; descriptive and exploratory rather than hypothesis-testing, with no quantitative primary endpoint or comparative analysis.
As stated by the source record.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health challenge that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases and increases morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. Sri Lanka has also experienced increasing resistance among priority pathogens, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and promote the rational use of antimicrobials. This case study aimed to identify the major contributing factors leading to antimicrobial resistance in Sri Lanka and to develop practical recommendations to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship. The analysis was based on key informant interviews with healthcare professionals and a review of national and international policies, guidelines, surveillance reports, and scientific literature. A fishbone diagram was used to identify the root causes of AMR. The study identified several interconnected factors contributing to AMR, including inadequate knowledge of AMS among healthcare workers, inappropriate prescribing practices, poor adherence to national treatment guidelines, weak implementation of stewardship programmes, limited microbiology laboratory capacity, inadequate monitoring and audit mechanisms, easy access to antibiotics without prescriptions, and overcrowding in hospitals. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening hospital-based AMS programmes, improving education and training of healthcare workers, establishing regular antibiotic prescription audits, expanding microbiology laboratory services, and strengthening regulation of community antibiotic use. Implementing these recommendations through coordinated action by policymakers, healthcare institutions, and healthcare professionals will help preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Sri Lanka.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.