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Extracellular Vesicles in Disease / Nanoplatforms for Cancer Theranostics · Journal article
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · August 13, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review that synthesizes existing knowledge on lung tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles, discussing their roles in tumour progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance, and their potential as minimally invasive biomarkers. The article identifies methodological challenges in EV isolation and characterization and outlines future priorities including standardisation and prospective clinical validation, but does not report original empirical findings or provide evidence of clinical utility.
Journal article. Lung cancer; broader context of tumour microenvironment and secretory signalling..
Tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles contribute to regulation of tumour growth, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance Secretome components and EVs are released into accessible biofluids including blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusions, with potential as minimally invasive biomarkers Key barriers to clinical translation include technical challenges in EV isolation and characterisation, and lack of methodological standardisation and prospective clinical validation
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
Clinicians and researchers should view this as a comprehensive synthesis of emerging concepts and opportunities rather than evidence-based guidance. The review highlights that secretome and EV biomarkers are promising but require standardised methodology and prospective validation before clinical implementation.
This is a narrative review article synthesizing mechanistic knowledge and emerging concepts about lung tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles, raising questions about biomarker and therapeutic potential rather than reporting original empirical results.
Clinicians and researchers should view this as a comprehensive synthesis of emerging concepts and opportunities rather than evidence-based guidance. The review highlights that secretome and EV biomarkers are promising but require standardised methodology and prospective validation before clinical implementation.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Lung cancer progression is governed not only by tumour-intrinsic genetic alterations but also by dynamic communication between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment. An important component of this communication is the tumour secretome, comprising soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to the regulation of tumour growth, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Through these mechanisms, secretome components and EVs promote phenotypic plasticity, microenvironmental remodelling, and adaptive responses to hypoxia, immune surveillance, and therapeutic stress. Importantly, secretome-derived factors and EVs are released into accessible biofluids, including blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusions, highlighting their potential as minimally invasive biomarkers. In this review, we examine the lung tumour secretome, including both soluble secreted factors and EVs, with an emphasis on their contributions to tumour progression, metastasis, immune modulation, and resistance to targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and radiation. We discuss methodological advances and persistent technical challenges in EV isolation, characterisation, and molecular profiling that influence reproducibility and interpretation. We further evaluate emerging clinical applications, including liquid biopsy, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic targeting, and consider their integration within precision oncology frameworks. Finally, we highlight key barriers to clinical translation and outline priorities for future research, including methodological standardisation, prospective clinical validation, and the development of strategies to target tumour-derived secretory signalling selectively.
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