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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy / Psychotherapy · Journal article
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · June 12, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This narrative review consolidates international expert recommendations for PTSD treatment, identifying cognitive-behavioural therapy as the best-supported psychotherapy, SSRIs and venlafaxine as first-line pharmacotherapy, and combination treatment generally favourable over monotherapy. The evidence base is heterogeneous across modalities; virtual reality exposure therapy is emerging, while EMDR and digital CBT showed no superiority to controls, and early prophylactic psychotherapy is ineffective and potentially harmful.
Narrative review / Expert consensus statement. Adults, children, and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder; trauma-exposed individuals for prevention studies.
CBT has the best evidence base as a psychotherapy modality for PTSD Virtual reality exposure therapy appears to be an emerging treatment option EMDR therapy and digital CBT-based interventions did not demonstrate superiority compared to controls
SSRIs and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine are first-line pharmacotherapy Available studies generally favour combination psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy over monotherapy
Clinicians should prioritize CBT as first-line psychotherapy for PTSD. SSRIs and venlafaxine are recommended first-line pharmacotherapy. Combination treatment is generally favourable. Clinicians should avoid early prophylactic psychotherapy in trauma victims. Evidence for EMDR, digital CBT, and rTMS is limited or inconsistent.
A narrative review summarizing international expert consensus on PTSD treatment recommendations across psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy modalities, without new primary data or meta-analysis.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians should prioritize CBT as first-line psychotherapy for PTSD. SSRIs and venlafaxine are recommended first-line pharmacotherapy. Combination treatment is generally favourable. Clinicians should avoid early prophylactic psychotherapy in trauma victims. Evidence for EMDR, digital CBT, and rTMS is limited or inconsistent.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
The present review summarises recommendations for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on a consensus among international experts in the field.Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has the best evidence base as a psychotherapy modality. Virtual reality exposure therapy appears to be an emerging treatment option for PTSD. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and digital CBT-based interventions did not demonstrate superiority compared to controls. Controlled studies supporting the use of psychodynamic therapy are lacking. Early prophylactic psychotherapy for trauma victims is ineffective and may be harmful.First-line pharmacotherapy includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine. Several second- and third-line medications are available for treatment-refractory patients. Currently, no medications can be recommended for prophylactic use in trauma victims.Although evidence is incomplete regarding combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, available studies generally favour combination treatments over monotherapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) showed efficacy in one study. In children and adolescents with PTSD, CBT demonstrated a medium effect size compared to active controls, while studies on SSRI treatment in this population yielded inconsistent results.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.