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Retrospective, non-randomized study with acknowledged selection bias and baseline imbalances; propensity score adjustment did not find mortality difference, but renal injury association lacks causal evidence and requires prospective confirmation.
This is a narrative review article that describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of sepsis and discusses research directions, without reporting original trial data, meta-analysis, or clinical outcomes.
Retrospective cohort study of 166 ICU patients confirming that rapid time-to-positivity in blood cultures may serve as a marker of illness severity and bacterial burden, though the mortality difference (47% vs 39%, p=0.292) was not statistically significant.
A sound cross-sectional concordance study with independent expert adjudication showing moderate physician–CDSS agreement and favourable expert validation of CDSS recommendations in discordant cases, but lacking comparative clinical effectiveness or patient outcome data.
Pharmacotherapy the Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 RCTs with moderate certainty of evidence showing prolonged-infusion beta-lactams reduce mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97) and improve clinical cure (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.17) in severely ill adults, supported by Bayesian analyses.
A narrative review synthesizing contemporary evidence on LOS epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, intended to inform clinical practice and neonatal health policy rather than report a single trial result.
A narrative review synthesizing current knowledge on AI applications in geriatric infection management, offering conceptual framework and prospects rather than empirical evidence of clinical efficacy.