Background Post-transplant infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Conventional microbiological culture has well-recognized l
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease driven by interactions among host genetics, immune dysregulation, environmental factors, and gut microbiota. The gut–
Introduction Effective HIV vaccine development, with satisfactory levels of response and coverage, remains an elusive goal in immunology. In this context, considerations of host-pa
Background Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines rapidly engage innate and adaptive immunity, but the systemic immune changes occurring within 24 h of vaccination remain incompletely under
The gut microbiota is a taxonomically, genetically, and metabolically diverse and dynamic community of different microbial groups, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses,
Leishmaniasis remains one of the most important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), affecting millions of individuals across tropical and subtropical regions. Caused by protozoan p
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. During infection, Mtb forms drug-tolerant persiste
Spinal infections are a serious category of deep-seated infectious diseases that pose significant threats to human health. They are caused by a broad and complex spectrum of pathog