This is a narrative review synthesizing observational associations and mechanistic hypotheses about the gut–prostate axis without reporting original trial data, causal evidence, or effect sizes.
Rigorous retrospective cohort study with large sample, multivariate adjustment, and hard clinical outcome (30-day mortality) directly linked to a well-defined resistance phenotype across two major gram-negative pathogen classes.
A conceptual perspective article proposing a theoretical framework for understanding diagnostic evolution, without empirical data, primary outcomes, or clinical evidence to support practice change.
This is a conceptual perspective proposing a theoretical framework (IAIE) for integrating multiple anti-infective technologies with AI; no empirical data, clinical trials, or validation studies are presented.
A narrative review synthesizing mechanistic understanding and therapeutic concepts for quorum-sensing inhibitors; no clinical trial data presented, and clinical translation explicitly described as nascent.
A systematic literature review and registry analysis of descriptive epidemiological data without comparative interventions, control groups, or causal inference; documents outbreak patterns but does not test treatments or establish causation.
A narrative review synthesizing current knowledge on AI applications in geriatric infection management, offering conceptual framework and prospects rather than empirical evidence of clinical efficacy.
In vitro study demonstrating real antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of a probiotic cell-free supernatant against H. pylori including resistant strains, with supporting genomic characterization, but lacking clinical efficacy data and requiring in vivo confirmation.