A single case report describing a novel surgical technique application; no comparator, no outcome data beyond feasibility narrative, and no replication across patients.
A clinical review synthesizing mechanistic rationale, randomized trial evidence, and imaging data to propose a selective, physiology-guided framework for side branch ballooning in bifurcation PCI—positioned to inform practice rather than report a new trial result.
Rigorous review of multiple study designs including pragmatic randomized trials and external validation of FDA-cleared device, demonstrating consistent diagnostic accuracy and practice-level impact across diverse settings, though primary outcomes remain surrogate measures rather than hard clinical events.
Single-centre retrospective study with a clear independent association and moderate discrimination (AUC 0.769) for a clinically relevant outcome, but limited by retrospective design, lack of external validation, and surrogate endpoint focus (HF occurrence rather than mortality or major morbidity).
Single-center pilot study with small sample of 29 CAD cases shows substantially higher CSG sensitivity than ECG, but lacks independent validation cohort, multicenter design, and prospective comparison against standard clinical decision pathways needed for practice-changing evidence.
A single-centre RCT with adequate sample size showing improvements in intermediate outcomes (INR compliance, medication adherence, health knowledge) but no difference in hard clinical endpoints (complications, readmission); results suggest benefit but require replication in larger, multicentre populations.