Introduction Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and is strongly associated with local recurrence, neuropathic pain, a
A feasibility study of a software prototype with no clinical validation, efficacy testing, or comparison to standard care; demonstrates technical proof-of-concept only.
An exploratory machine learning analysis of surveillance data using unsupervised methods to identify epidemiological profiles; methodologically sound for its class but lacks clinical validation, prospective application, or outcome prediction.
An integrative review and expert position paper identifying gaps in AI/precision medicine implementation for diverse cardiovascular populations, calling for systemic restructuring before deployment rather than reporting new empirical evidence.