Retrospective cohort study of 4,257 hospitalized older adults showing vaccination associated with 26% relative risk reduction in in-hospital death (95% CI: 3–43%) but minimal effect on ICU admission; reinforces established benefit against severe mortality outcomes.
A comprehensive expert review synthesizing mechanistic foundations and emerging strategies for trained immunity-based vaccine adjuvants, providing a conceptual framework and translational roadmap rather than reporting original experimental or clinical data.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 peer-reviewed studies with clearly reported transmission frequencies and secondary case counts provides rigorous pooled evidence on an important epidemiological question, though the effect is descriptive rather than comparative.
Multi-country retrospective cohort study with confounder-adjusted hazard ratios and meta-analysis pooling, demonstrating moderate vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes in a vulnerable population, though protection wanes over time.
A narrative review summarizing diagnostic challenges, clinical consequences, and prevention strategies for adult RSV-associated CAP without primary data or meta-analysis.
Expert consensus statement synthesizing regional surveillance data and literature to guide post-pandemic pneumococcal vaccination policy in Latin America, but without new primary data or quantified efficacy evidence.