Obesity is a heterogeneous chronic disease involving dysregulated energy intake and expenditure. Dopamine (DA) has traditionally been recognized as a key regulator of reward-driven
Abstract Purpose of Review Almost every study linking ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to obesity measures exposure as the proportion of energy or weight derived from Nova group 4 food
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, largely through estrogen-mediated pathways. Emerging evidence s
A narrative review synthesizing animal and human evidence on adipose tissue mechanisms in obesity treatment; establishes current understanding and identifies evidence gaps rather than presenting original data or a definitive clinical trial result.
A narrative review synthesizing mechanistic evidence and clinical frameworks for interpreting iron status in obesity, providing expert recommendations for assessment and management rather than reporting a novel empirical finding.