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Pneumococcal Vaccines / Influenza Vaccines / Pneumococcal Infections · Journal article
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · August 17, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
Among 725 ICU-eligible patients at a single Japanese tertiary hospital, only 17.1% reported prior pneumococcal vaccination, 51.2% reported no vaccination, and 31.7% had unknown status. Influenza vaccination was independently associated with pneumococcal vaccination (odds ratio 31.8), but the survey design and self-report bias limit causal inference and generalizability.
Cross-sectional observational study. Consecutive ICU patients admitted from May 15, 2023, to January 4, 2024, at Hitachi General Hospital (Ibaraki, Japan), a tertiary care referral centre serving approximately 250,000 residents. Eligible for inclusion were those aged ≥65 years or aged 60–64 years with qualifying chronic conditions (ch…. Intervention: No intervention; observational assessment of self-reported pneumococcal vaccination status and associated factors.. Compared with: No comparator; descriptive and associational analysis only.. n = 725. Single centre: 18-bed mixed medical–surgical ICU at Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan..
Of 982 ICU admissions, 757 (77.1%) met pneumococcal vaccination eligibility criteria Among 725 eligible patients with known vaccination status, 124 (17.1%) reported pneumococcal vaccination 371 (51.2%) reported no pneumococcal vaccination and 230 (31.7%) had unknown status
Regression analysis underpowered (wide CI 4.3–236.7 for odds ratio); no clinical outcomes (infection, mortality) assessed
The low pneumococcal vaccination rate (17.1%) among eligible ICU patients and the high proportion with unknown status (31.7%) suggest a substantial opportunity for improving vaccination assessment and uptake. However, the self-report design and single-centre setting limit direct translation to clinical practice without validation against actual immunization records and external replication.
A single-centre cross-sectional survey with self-reported vaccination status and no clinical outcomes; findings describe a gap but cannot establish causation or guide clinical practice changes.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
The low pneumococcal vaccination rate (17.1%) among eligible ICU patients and the high proportion with unknown status (31.7%) suggest a substantial opportunity for improving vaccination assessment and uptake. However, the self-report design and single-centre setting limit direct translation to clinical practice without validation against actual immunization records and external replication.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Critically ill adults are often older and have multiple chronic conditions, but data on prior pneumococcal vaccination in this population are limited. We aimed to assess pneumococcal vaccination coverage among eligible patients and identify factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination among ICU patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in an ICU at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. We included patients admitted to the ICU from May 15, 2023, to January 4, 2024. Eligibility for pneumococcal vaccination was defined with reference to the Japanese routine vaccination program during the study period. Vaccination status for pneumococcal, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines was assessed using a structured questionnaire administered to patients or family members during ICU admission. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed among eligible patients with known pneumococcal vaccination status. Among 982 patients, 757 (77.1%) met pneumococcal vaccination eligibility criteria. After excluding 32 non-responders, vaccination status was assessed for 725 eligible patients. Of these, 124 (17.1%) reported pneumococcal vaccination, 371 (51.2%) reported no pneumococcal vaccination, and 230 (31.7%) reported unknown status. In the multivariable analysis, influenza vaccination was the only factor independently associated with reported pneumococcal vaccination status (odds ratio, 31.8, 95% confidence interval, 4.3-236.7, p <.001). Our study highlights that most ICU patients were eligible for pneumococcal vaccination, but a minority of eligible patients reported vaccination, and approximately one-third had unknown vaccination status. These findings support the need for more reliable vaccination records and routine opportunities to assess eligibility and history in this population.
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