Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors / Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment · Journal article

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AFTER ONCOSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Eurasian Journal of Oncology and Radiology · August 7, 2026

Expert Guidance Why this matters to you Expert discussion

A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.

AI Summary

This literature review synthesizes evidence on endocrine complications following thyroidectomy, pancreatectomy, and adrenalectomy from 26 recent publications, identifying incidence ranges and risk factors for hypothyroidism, new-onset diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency. The authors recommend specific monitoring timelines and parameters to detect these complications early, though the quality and consistency of underlying evidence is not formally assessed.

What was studied

Structured literature review. Cancer patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy, pancreatectomy (distal or total), or adrenalectomy. Setting and baseline characteristics of included studies not specified.. Intervention: Oncosurgical procedures: hemithyroidectomy, distal pancreatectomy, total pancreatectomy, adrenalectomy..

Key findings

Hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy occurred in 29-37% of patients; permanent levothyroxine replacement was needed in 23-27% Preoperative TSH >2.5 mIU/L increased hypothyroidism risk 3.32-fold (OR=3.32; 95% CI 2.12-5.18); autoimmune thyroiditis increased risk 1.95-fold New-onset diabetes mellitus after distal pancreatectomy occurred in 9-38% of patients and in 100% after total pancreatectomy

Safety

Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.

Who this may help

Clinicians managing patients after these oncosurgical procedures should implement structured endocrine monitoring: TSH at 6–8 weeks after thyroidectomy, HbA1c at 3 months after pancreatectomy, and cortisol at 24–48 hours after adrenalectomy. Pre-operative risk stratification (TSH, autoimmune status, extent of resection) may inform follow-up intensity.

Plain-language summary

A systematic literature review synthesizing evidence on postoperative endocrine complications across three surgical domains, with recommendations for monitoring protocols that inform clinical practice.

Study design

As stated by the source record.

MethodsSearch of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases for publications indexed between 2020 and 2026. Inclusion criteria: studies investigating hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy, diabetes mellitus after pancreatectomy, and adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy. Twenty-six publications were included and synthesized; specific selection criteria, data extraction methods, and analysis approach not detailed.

DesignStructured literature review

PopulationCancer patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy, pancreatectomy (distal or total), or adrenalectomy. Setting and baseline characteristics of included studies not specified.

InterventionOncosurgical procedures: hemithyroidectomy, distal pancreatectomy, total pancreatectomy, adrenalectomy.

Reported figures

Quoted from the source exactly as published.

Hypothyroidism incidence after hemithyroidectomy29-37%

Permanent levothyroxine replacement after hemithyroidectomy23-27%

TSH >2.5 mIU/L: hypothyroidism risk ratioOR=3.32

TSH >2.5 mIU/L: 95% CI2.12-5.18

Autoimmune thyroiditis: hypothyroidism risk ratioOR=1.95

New-onset diabetes after distal pancreatectomy9-38%

New-onset diabetes after total pancreatectomy100%

Pancreatic resection >50%: diabetes risk ratioOR=2.63

Clinical bottom line

Caveats

Total number of patients across all 26 studies not reported; individual study sample sizes not provided.
Heterogeneity in incidence ranges (e.g., diabetes 9–38% after distal pancreatectomy) suggests variation by study design, population, or definitions but is not formally assessed.
Quality, bias risk, and consistency of included studies not systematically evaluated.
Timing and definitions of complications (e.g., permanent vs. transient hypothyroidism) not standardized across cited works.

Evidence assessment

Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.

Study design

moderate

Structured literature review of 26 publications across multiple databases; no meta-analysis or risk-of-bias assessment reported.

Directness

strong

Direct evidence on postoperative endocrine complications in three common surgical procedures with clinical outcomes.

Consistency

moderate

Range estimates provided (e.g., 29-37% hypothyroidism) suggest variation across included studies; consistency not explicitly assessed.

Risk of bias

insufficient

No systematic quality assessment, GRADE evaluation, or bias appraisal of included studies reported.

Sample adequacy

moderate

26 publications reviewed; total patient numbers across studies not stated; individual study sizes unknown.

Source abstract

Relevance: Endocrine disorders after oncological surgical interventions are common complications that significantly worsen quality of life, metabolic status, and long-term outcomes in cancer patients.The study aimed to analyze current literature data on endocrine complications after thyroidectomy, pancreatic surgery, and adrenalectomy.Materials and Methods: A literature review of 26 publications indexed between 2020 and 2026 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases was performed. Studies investigating hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy, diabetes mellitus after pancreatectomy, and adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy were included.Results: Hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy developed in 29-37% of patients, while permanent levothyroxine replacement therapy was required in 23-27% of cases. A preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 mIU/L increased the risk of hypothyroidism by 3.32-fold (OR=3.32; 95% CI 2.12-5.18), whereas autoimmune thyroiditis increased the risk by 1.95-fold. New-onset diabetes mellitus occurred in 9-38% of patients after distal pancreatectomy and in 100% after total pancreatectomy. Resection of more than 50% of pancreatic parenchyma increased the risk of diabetes by 2.63-fold (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.41-4.89). Adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy was observed in 27-34% of patients and increased to 45-60% in the presence of autonomous cortisol secretion. Mild autonomous cortisol secretion increased the risk of adrenal insufficiency by 5.6-fold (OR=5.6; 95% CI 3.1-9.8).Conclusion: Postoperative endocrine complications require early detection and long-term follow-up. Monitoring of thyroid-stimulating hormone 6-8 weeks after thyroidectomy, HbA1c 3 months after pancreatectomy, and cortisol levels within 24-48 hours after adrenalectomy should be considered mandatory.

Follow from this

Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.

A. KozhamkulB. RustemovAdrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentB. AshimbekovaP. TasenovaA. BerkinbayA. Baymakhanov