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CRISPR and Genetic Engineering · Journal article
European Journal of Law Interdisciplinary Legal Ethics and Jurisprudence Governance Practices · August 25, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This is a legal and ethical review examining how international human rights law, comparative legal frameworks, and ethical standards apply to biotechnology and gene editing. It synthesizes existing legal instruments (UNESCO Declaration, Oviedo Convention, CBD) and proposes governance reforms, but does not report empirical research or clinical outcomes.
Journal article.
CRISPR-Cas9, gene therapy, stem cell technology, and genome sequencing have created opportunities for treating genetic disorders and advancing personalized medicine, but generate legal and ethical challenges beyond traditional regulatory scope Key legal and human rights issues include human dignity, genetic privacy, informed consent, reproductive rights, discrimination, intellectual property, biosafety, and equitable access International instruments including the UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, the Oviedo Convention, and the Convention on Biological Diversity provide principles for responsible biotechnology research
Key legal and human rights issues include human dignity, genetic privacy, informed consent, reproductive rights, discrimination, intellectual property, biosafety, and equitable access
This review does not present clinical evidence and should not be used to guide clinical practice. It is relevant for legal professionals, policymakers, and institutional leaders developing biotechnology governance, informed consent protocols, and equity frameworks.
This is a legal and ethical review paper that examines regulatory frameworks and proposes governance principles for biotechnology, rather than reporting empirical research or clinical evidence.
This review does not present clinical evidence and should not be used to guide clinical practice. It is relevant for legal professionals, policymakers, and institutional leaders developing biotechnology governance, informed consent protocols, and equity frameworks.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Biotechnology and gene-editing technologies have revolutionized modern medicine, agriculture, environmental conservation, and scientific research. Innovations such as CRISPR-Cas9, gene therapy, stem cell technology, synthetic biology, and genome sequencing have created unprecedented opportunities for treating genetic disorders, improving food security, combating infectious diseases, and advancing personalized medicine. However, these scientific breakthroughs have also generated significant legal, ethical, and human rights challenges that extend beyond traditional regulatory frameworks. Questions relating to human dignity, genetic privacy, informed consent, reproductive rights, discrimination, intellectual property, biosafety, and equitable access to biotechnology have become central issues in contemporary legal discourse. International organizations and national governments have increasingly recognized the need for comprehensive legal frameworks capable of balancing scientific innovation with the protection of fundamental human rights. Instruments such as the UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, the Oviedo Convention, and the Convention on Biological Diversity provide important legal principles governing responsible biotechnology research and application. This paper critically examines the legal regulation of biotechnology and gene editing through the lens of international human rights law, comparative legal frameworks, and emerging ethical standards. It explores the opportunities offered by biotechnology while evaluating the legal challenges associated with human genome editing, germline modification, genetic discrimination, bioethics, and regulatory accountability. The study concludes by proposing future legal reforms aimed at establishing transparent, equitable, and human-centric governance systems that promote scientific advancement while safeguarding human dignity, equality, and fundamental rights in the twenty-first century.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.