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Immunotherapy and Immune Responses / Vaccines and Immunoinformatics Approaches · Journal article
The Journal of Immunology · July 28, 2026
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MEMPHIS is a newly developed suite of six complementary human in vitro immune profiling modules designed to characterize innate and adaptive responses to vaccine adjuvants and formulations using minimal blood input. The study demonstrates technical feasibility and shows that the platform can model responses to protein-based, mRNA, and small-molecule adjuvants, but provides no clinical validation or comparison to gold-standard methods.
Methodological development and validation study. Human blood donors; age and population characteristics not specified in abstract.. Intervention: MEMPHIS in vitro immune profiling modules assessing responses to vaccine adjuvants and formulations.
MEMPHIS comprises six complementary in vitro modules assessing innate activation, cell migration, fate, and antigen-specific B and T cell responses Platform requires only 100 mL blood from adults or 20 mL from children per donor System accurately modeled type and magnitude of response to adjuvanted protein vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and small-molecule adjuvants
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This platform may accelerate pre-clinical vaccine development by reducing reliance on animal models and enabling rapid assessment of adjuvant potency and reactogenicity across populations. However, clinical utility and predictive accuracy relative to human vaccination outcomes remain unestablished.
A methodological development study demonstrating feasibility and technical characterization of a novel in vitro platform, without clinical validation or comparison to clinical outcomes.
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This platform may accelerate pre-clinical vaccine development by reducing reliance on animal models and enabling rapid assessment of adjuvant potency and reactogenicity across populations. However, clinical utility and predictive accuracy relative to human vaccination outcomes remain unestablished.
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Abstract Introduction Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the burden of infectious diseases. Pre-clinical vaccine development has traditionally relied on animal models, limiting access to human-specific data necessary for rapid clinical translation. With the FDA’s Modernization Act endorsing human in vitro approaches for pre-clinical evaluation of novel vaccine candidates, we developed MEMPHIS — a suite of complementary human immune profiling modules designed to characterize age- and population-specific innate and adaptive immune responses to vaccine adjuvants and formulations. Methods Consisting of six complementary in vitro modules, MEMPHIS is designed to assess the ability of adjuvant formulations to influence innate immune activation, cell migration and fate, as well as antigen-specific B- and T-cell activation. MEMPHIS includes the assessment of type and magnitude of cellular immune memory to pathogens of interest, such that pre-exposure history can be factored into the assessment of new candidate vaccine formulations. Together, these modules enable comprehensive assessment of how adjuvants influence innate immune activation and adaptive immune programming. All MEMPHIS assays have been optimized to use minimal input — requiring only 100 mL of blood from adults or 20 mL from children — allowing integrated testing from a single donor sample. Results In this study, we demonstrate that MEMPHIS accurately modeled the type and magnitude of response to adjuvanted protein-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and small-molecule adjuvants, and defined molecular differences in mode of action between these stimuli. In addition, we report on the technical and biological variance of data generated with our modules, and present novel strategies for cross-platform data integration. Conclusion In summary, this system provides a powerful translational platform to inform adjuvant selection and vaccine design by defining potency, reactogenicity, and the breadth, diversity, and durability of immune responses across populations. Funding Source Department Innovation Award Topic Categories Technological Innovations in Immunology (TECH)
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