Life sciences · Preprint
arXiv · August 7, 2026
Posted before peer review. The findings may change or fail to hold.
This preprint proposes ROSER, a reinforcement learning framework that coordinates model-based representation, optimization stability, and experience replay to improve sample efficiency in continuous control. The authors report 17.60% performance gains over naive component stacking on benchmark tasks and identify that task-dependent component interactions can produce emergent challenges, but the work is unrefereed and lacks statistical characterization of results.
Systematic investigation with empirical benchmarking. Intervention: ROSER framework coordinating model-based representation, optimization stability, and experience replay. Compared with: Vanilla baselines and naive stacking of state-of-the-art techniques.
ROSER achieves 17.60% gains over naive stack of state-of-the-art techniques on continuous-control benchmarks Task-dependency of component efficacy is significant; naive stacking of state-of-the-art techniques does not necessarily yield performance gains Component stacking can trigger emergent challenges, such as compounded non-stationarity
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This is an unrefereed arXiv preprint presenting a systems engineering study of RL components with empirical benchmarking; it has not undergone peer review and lacks the clinical or hard-outcome endpoints needed for stronger evidence grades.
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Reinforcement learning systems are significantly more complex than other machine learning paradigms due to inherent properties, causing RL system design to jointly account for many tightly coupled factors. Despite advances in individual algorithmic components, their functional interdependencies remain underexplored: do they exhibit mutual synergy or counterproductive interference? To bridge this gap, we conduct a systematic investigation and find that the efficacy of different components exhibits significant task-dependency, and naively stacking state-of-the-art techniques does not necessarily yield performance gains; instead, it often triggers emergent challenges, such as compounded non-stationarity. Building upon these findings, we distill a suite of actionable insights into the principled coordination of these components. Guided by these insights, we propose ROSER, an RL framework that coordinates three critical dimensions: Model-based Representation, Optimization Stability, and Experience Replay. Across diverse continuous-control benchmarks, ROSER consistently outperforms vanilla baselines and achieves 17.60% gains over naive stack. Our findings underscore the necessity of a holistic perspective in RL system design and paves the way for developing sample-efficient agents.
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