AUG 18, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clinical significance of inhaled COPD therapy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer in the immune checkpoint inhibitor era: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Scientific Reports
Retrospective cohort study showing that inhaled COPD therapy associates with longer overall survival in advanced NSCLC, but the effect is confounded by ICI use and disappears in ICI-treated patients, confirming that ICI is the dominant prognostic factor.
Important Confirmatory EvidenceHitomi AjimizuChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchLung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Reported
Sample size (COPD-treated)144
Sample size (COPD-untreated)311
Total sample size455