AUG 24, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quantifying the inclusion of cardiovascular research into clinical guidelines
Clinical Research in Cardiology
A descriptive analysis of citation patterns in ESC guidelines across eight topics, using observational methodology to quantify literature incorporation—methodologically sound but addressing a process metric rather than a clinical outcome, and limited to one guideline-issuing body.
Reported
Mean proportion of inter-guidelin…2.2%
Standard deviation of mean citati…2.0
Citation rate for clinical trials8.5%