SEP 12, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oral contraceptive and menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis
BMC Cancer
A rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 observational studies that confirms the absence of a clinically meaningful association between oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy with pancreatic cancer risk, with very-low to low certainty evidence.
Reported
OCP use (adjusted)RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86–1.14
OCP use (adjusted) prediction int…95% PI: 0.62–1.59
OCP use (adjusted) heterogeneityI² = 61.4%