JUL 14, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pre-operative injectable testosterone therapy is associated with increased five-year revision risk after total shoulder arthroplasty: a TriNetX database analysis.
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty
Retrospective propensity-matched cohort study with a hard clinical endpoint (revision surgery) and rigorous multiple-comparison correction, but observational design cannot establish causation and the authors frame findings as hypothesis-generating.
Reported
Sample size (matched cohort)901 per arm
Revision surgery risk ratio2.82
Revision surgery 95% CI1.43–5.57