AUG 26, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Understanding higher substance use among early adolescent females: A decomposition analysis of adverse childhood experiences, bullying victimization, and depressive symptoms.
Addictive Behaviors Reports
A rigorous cross-sectional analysis with adequate sample size and adjusted estimates showing substantially higher substance use in girls, with decomposition analysis identifying specific mediating factors; however, cross-sectional design precludes causal inference and relies on self-reported outcomes.
Reported
Sample size6734
EVP use adjusted prevalence ratio…2.05
EVP use 95% CI1.62, 2.61