Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a subgroup of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes infections in poultry and may pose a public health risk. Although previou
Background: L-carnitine supports mitochondrial fatty acid transport and has been proposed for weight management, but its short-term effects in overweight dogs are unclear. This pil
A single case report of an unusual veterinary presentation that raises diagnostic awareness but provides no comparative data, control, or generalizable evidence on incidence, treatment, or outcome.
This is a perspective synthesis acknowledging that published evidence is predominantly observational surveys with no complete transmission chain reconstructed, raising questions about migratory bird role in AMR dissemination rather than answering them definitively.