This is a narrative review synthesizing mechanistic and preclinical evidence on CAF biology in osteosarcoma, proposing translational directions without clinical trial data or validated biomarkers.
A synthesis paper proposing mechanistic hypotheses for perineural invasion in HCC based on limited and inconsistently defined clinical data, without new experimental results or clinical trials to test the proposed mechanisms.
A phase 1 study reporting a preliminary signal of activity in a molecular subtype (KRAS-mutant NSCLC, n=11) with a small sample, surrogate endpoint (progression-free status at 12 weeks), and no established clinical efficacy in unselected patients.
Mechanistically rigorous preclinical study with in vitro and in vivo evidence in mouse models showing NRF2 activation suppresses obesity-related inflammation via STING inhibition, but lacks human data and clinical endpoints needed for stronger evidence grade.
A comprehensive narrative review synthesising epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic evidence for ME/CFS, offering clinical and research direction rather than reporting original data or a single definitive trial.
This is a comprehensive narrative review synthesizing existing literature on 3D spheroid models rather than reporting original research data, evidence of efficacy, or definitive clinical outcomes.
This is a narrative review synthesizing existing knowledge about mitochondrial regulation of cell death and proposing a conceptual framework; it raises questions and integrates evidence rather than presenting new empirical findings or clinical outcomes.
Phase 1 investigator-initiated trial in 12 patients with heterogeneous solid tumors, showing feasibility and a 33.3% response rate, but underpowered for efficacy claims and mechanistic findings rely on uncontrolled in vitro and in vivo knockout experiments.