SEP 1, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
MMP9 Knockout by CRISPR ‐Cas9 Reduces Bladder Cancer Malignancy But Does Not Synergize With BCG and Anti‐ PD ‐ L1 in an Orthotopic Mouse Model
Iubmb Life
Early-phase in vivo mechanistic study in mice using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing; demonstrates MMP9 knockout reduces bladder cancer malignancy but fails to achieve synergy with established immunotherapies, lacking human validation and clinical endpoints.
Reported
Primary outcomeMMP9 gene and protein expression reduced in…
Statistical methodt test or ANOVA