Background Endocrine therapy is central to the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, yet hepatobiliary adverse-event reporting across endocrine agents remains incom
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Metformin remains first-line therapy for obese T2DM; yet, 30–40% of patients fail to ac
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, driven by increasing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) remain key drivers of premature mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenditure globally. Although we have witnessed dramatic recent adv
Thyroid hormones are involved in multiple metabolic pathways in the body and are essential for maintaining organ functions across the lifespan. Aging-related thyroid dysfunction ha
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome describes the close relationship between metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease, which share sever
Background The prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) along with abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism and obesity is rising. Metabolic abnormalities may be associated with ad