Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with chemoresistance representing a major therapeutic challenge. The transforming growth factor-bet
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) tumors are primarily treated with endocrine therapies; howeve
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and is characterized by rapid proliferation, extensive invasion, and resistance to conventional therapies.