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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications · September 17, 2026
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Background: Fatty liver disease is an increasingly important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is broadlyassociated with two major clinical patterns: alcohol-related fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although both conditions share hepatic steatosis as a common feature, their risk factors, clinical presentation, progression, and complications may differ. Aim: To compare the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MASLD). Materials and Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted among adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease. Participants were categorized into alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups based on alcohol consumption history and relevant clinical criteria. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, alcohol intake, metabolic risk factors, laboratory parameters, imaging findings, associated comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were recorded. The prevalence of major risk factors and disease-related complications was compared between the two groups using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Results: The study population demonstrated distinct clinical and risk-factor patterns between alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Alcoholic fatty liver disease was predominantly associated with significant alcohol consumption and was more frequently accompanied by features related to chronic alcohol use. In contrast, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Liver enzyme abnormalities and the severity of hepatic steatosis varied between the groups. Patients with advanced disease in either group showed an increased risk of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and other liver-related complications. The overall findings indicate that metabolic risk factors were particularly important in NAFLD/MASLD, whereas alcohol exposure was the principal distinguishing risk factor for AFLD.Conclusion: Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have overlapping hepatic manifestations but differ substantially in their predominant risk factors and clinical profiles. Identification and modification of alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic risk factors are essential for preventing disease progression. Early diagnosis and regular monitoring may reduce the development of advanced liver disease and improve long-term clinical outcomes.