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Life sciences · Journal article
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · August 14, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a single-cell-line in vitro mechanistic study demonstrating that electroporation-enhanced resveratrol delivery reduces viability and increases reactive oxygen species in triple-negative breast cancer cells cultured in both 2D and 3D scaffolds. The work is exploratory and establishes proof-of-concept for a delivery strategy, but provides no evidence of efficacy in animal models or clinical settings and does not establish superiority over existing TNBC therapies.
In vitro mechanistic study, uncontrolled comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture systems. MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cell line.. Intervention: Electroporation (two protocols: EP1 at 800 V/cm and EP2 at 1000 V/cm, 8 pulses, 100 µs, 1 Hz) combined with resveratrol delivery.. Compared with: 2D versus 3D culture systems; no explicit comparator to standard therapy or untreated control detailed in abstract..
In 3D culture, combined electroporation (EP1 or EP2) plus resveratrol reduced cell viability to 20% (EP1 + Resv) and 17% (EP2 + Resv) In 2D culture, combined treatment reduced viability to 24% (EP1 + Resv) and 18% (EP2 + Resv) ROS levels increased 2.4 times (EP1 + Resv) and 2.9 times (EP2 + Resv) in 3D culture relative to control
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This work demonstrates a potential delivery strategy and mechanistic rationale for combining electroporation with resveratrol in TNBC, but provides no evidence applicable to clinical decision-making. It is exploratory and should not influence current practice; further preclinical and animal studies are needed before any clinical evaluation.
In vitro mechanistic study in cancer cell lines using novel delivery method; no animal models, clinical data, or controlled comparisons to standard therapy; demonstrates proof-of-concept but requires substantial further development.
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This work demonstrates a potential delivery strategy and mechanistic rationale for combining electroporation with resveratrol in TNBC, but provides no evidence applicable to clinical decision-making. It is exploratory and should not influence current practice; further preclinical and animal studies are needed before any clinical evaluation.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). These molecular characteristics render targeted therapies less effective and contribute to poor clinical outcomes. Towards this, we studied the electroporation-mediated delivery of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound with pleiotropic anticancer activities, on MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cell line. Both conventional two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture and three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold-based cell cultures were used. Two electroporation (EP) protocols (EP1: 8 pulses, 800 V/cm, 100 µs at 1 Hz; EP2: 8 pulses, 1000 V/cm, 100 µs at 1 Hz) were evaluated for their effects on cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In 3D, the combined treatment similarly reduced viability to 20% (EP1 + Resv) and 17% (EP2 + Resv), whereas in 2D, the viability reduction is 24% and 18%, respectively. Mechanistically, ROS levels increased substantially with the combination treatment: in 2D, ROS rose to 3 times (EP1 + Resv) and around 3.5 times (EP2 + Resv) the control, while in 3D, ROS increased to 2.4 times (EP1 + Resv) and 2.9 times (EP2 + Resv). Moreover, the combined treatment of electroporation and resveratrol administration on 3D HA-EAbuK-IKVAV-cultured cells decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein Cdk2 and proliferation marker Ki67. These findings highlight the importance of 3D microenvironmental cues in modulating TNBC responsiveness to resveratrol and underscore the potential of combining electroporation with natural compounds as a rational therapeutic strategy for this challenging subtype of breast cancer.
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