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Life sciences · Journal article
Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences · October 12, 2026
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Background and Objective: Endometrial cancer, originating in the uterus's inner epithelial lining, is treated with radiotherapy, including external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. However, radiotherapy may disrupt electrolyte balance and affect blood components. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiation on hematological and electrolyte parameters in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: The study was conducted at the Awat Center, Erbil, Iraq, between December 25, 2024, and February 22, 2025, involving 25 patients. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after therapy, and parameter analyses were performed. The Elekta Infinity machine was used for curative treatment, including Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). The local Ethics Committee approved the study and protocol. Results: Radiotherapy significantly reduced white blood cell counts (WBC) from 6.94±2.59×10⁹/L before treatment to 4.70±1.45×10⁹/L during treatment (p <0.001), with partial recovery post-treatment (5.18±1.84×10⁹/L, p=0.001). Platelet counts also declined from 234.84±63.34×10³/μL to 199.08±47.69×10³/μL after radiotherapy (p=0.008). Hemoglobin, red blood cells, and most electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate) showed no significant variation. However, serum calcium levels declined modestly but significantly after radiotherapy (from 9.69±0.54 to 9.36±0.58 mg/dL, p=0.034). Conclusion: Adjuvant VMAT radiotherapy in endometrial cancer patients induces significant hematological suppression, particularly of WBCs and platelets, while maintaining stable electrolyte levels. These findings highlight the hematologic sensitivity of pelvic radiotherapy and the importance of regular monitoring to reduce cytopenic risks.