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Life sciences · Journal article
Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine · October 13, 2026
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Obesity is considered a systemic factor associated with impaired regulation of reproductive function at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. The aim of this review is to systematize current data on the impact of obesity on the cytophysiological characteristics of oocytes, early embryogenesis, endometrial receptivity, and the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. Obesity is associated with changes in the morphometric, metabolic, and biochemical characteristics of oocytes. In particular, obese patients exhibit a reduction in oocyte diameter, changes in their lipid profile characterized by an imbalance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, altered dynamics of embryonic development, as well as reduced glucose uptake and elevated levels of endogenous triglycerides at the blastocyst stage. At the endometrial level, obesity is associated with dysregulation of the transcriptional profile, impaired decidualization, and an abnormal immune response, leading to reduced receptivity and a lower implantation rate. Clinical manifestations include a lower rate of conception and live birth, as well as an increased risk of miscarriage. This review examines current approaches to correcting metabolic disorders aimed at optimizing embryological and clinical outcomes in obese patients. Sources in English and Russian, primarily from the period 2015 to 2025, were used in this review. The literature search was conducted in international and Russian databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka. Sources were selected using combinations of keywords and terms reflecting the main aspects of the topic, including: obesity, body mass index (BMI), overweight, infertility, in vitro fertilization (IVF), pregnancy rate, live birth.