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Life sciences · Journal article
Frontiers in Microbiology · October 19, 2026
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Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as an indispensable diagnostic strategy for addressing the increasing global burden of infectious diseases and the worsening threat of antimicrobial resistance. Owing to prominent advantages such as rapid detection of infectious agents, portability, and ease of accessibility, POCT can effectively address the inherent limitations of traditional laboratory diagnostic workflows. This review summarizes the core technical platforms that underlie current POCT technologies, including lateral flow assays, chemiluminescence immunoassays, isothermal amplification systems, CRISPR/Cas-based diagnostic systems, and microfluidic chip technologies. Furthermore, we describe the key clinical scenarios in which POCT can be applied, including respiratory tract, bloodstream, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and sexually transmitted infections. We also comprehensively discuss the technical characteristics and clinical applicability of mainstream POCT modalities, including immunochromatography and molecular diagnostics. Despite limitations associated with detection sensitivity, quality control, cost efficiency, and clinical integration, POCT technology continues to undergo consistent improvements. Advances in nanomaterials, microfluidic engineering, and artificial intelligence and continuous improvements in industry standardization have led to increased performance, systematic integration, and intelligent detection in POCT. Given these technological advancements and optimizations, POCT shows promising applicability and is therefore expected to become a core diagnostic tool for both precision clinical management and epidemic prevention and control in public health.