Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Kyamc Journal · September 22, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) induces characteristic morphological changes in breast carcinoma, which are crucial for assessing treatment effect and distinguishing residual tumor from therapy-related changes.Objective: To describe the spectrum and frequency of cellular and stromal histopathological changes in invasive breast carcinoma following NACT in a tertiary care setting.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 post-NACT mastectomy specimens from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Pre- and post-chemotherapy H&E-stained slides were compared. Cellular changes (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, multinucleation) and stromal changes (fibrosis, hyalinization, calcification, necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, etc.) were systematically evaluated using defined criteria. Masson’s Trichrome stain was used to assess fibrosis.Results: Cytoplasmic vacuolation was the most prevalent cellular change, observed in 81% of cases with viable tumor. Nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis/karyolysis were seen in 78.3% and 75.7% of cases, respectively. Multinucleation was noted in 24.3% cases. The predominant stromal alteration was fibrosis (100%). Among this widespread fibrosis was present in 85% of all cases. Other common stromal changes included hyalinization (86.7%), minimal lymphocytic infiltration (56.7%), and degenerative changes (58.3%). Infiltration of foamy macrophages and hemosiderin-laden histiocytes was observed less frequently.Conclusion: NACT induces a consistent and recognizable spectrum of histopathological changes in breast cancer. Widespread fibrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolation are the hallmark features. Recognizing these alterations is essential for accurate post-chemotherapy evaluation and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls particularly in resource-limited tertiary care settings. KYAMC Journal Vol. 16, No. 04, January 2026: 202-207.