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Life sciences · Review
Microorganisms · August 12, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This narrative review synthesizes surveillance data on imported cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, documenting shifting epidemiology driven by climate change, globalization, and human mobility. The work provides a narrative synthesis of demographic, clinical, and travel-related patterns of imported disease across Old World and New World regions, with implications for surveillance and clinical practice in non-endemic countries.
Narrative review. International travelers, migrants, displaced populations, and patients with imported cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in non-endemic countries.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis increasingly encountered among international travelers, migrants, and displaced populations in non-endemic countries Climate change, globalization, and mass human mobility have expanded geographic range of vectors and increased imported disease burden Imported cases may serve as sentinels for autochthonous transmission in regions where vectors and reservoir hosts are present
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
Clinicians in non-endemic countries should maintain awareness of imported leishmaniasis risk in travelers and migrants, and recognize that imported cases may signal vector and reservoir presence warranting local surveillance intensification.
A narrative review synthesizing surveillance data and epidemiological evidence on imported cutaneous leishmaniasis, offering synthesis of patterns and implications for surveillance and clinical management rather than new primary evidence.
As stated by the source record.
Clinicians in non-endemic countries should maintain awareness of imported leishmaniasis risk in travelers and migrants, and recognize that imported cases may signal vector and reservoir presence warranting local surveillance intensification.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) traditionally associated with rural poverty in endemic regions but is increasingly encountered among international travelers, migrants, and displaced populations. Climate change, globalization, and mass human mobility have altered the epidemiology of CL, expanding the geographic range of competent vectors and increasing the burden of imported disease in non-endemic countries. Imported cases are of particular public health importance because they may serve as sentinels for autochthonous transmission in regions where vectors and reservoir hosts are present. This narrative review synthesizes surveillance data and epidemiological evidence on imported cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), with particular emphasis on findings from regional and global surveillance networks. We describe demographic, clinical, and travel-related patterns of imported disease, highlight differences between Old World and New World CL, and discuss implications for surveillance, clinical management, and future research in the context of climate change and global migration.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.