Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 23, 2026
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Cancer therapy is frequently limited by poor aqueous solubility, inadequate bioavailability, rapid degradation, nonspecific distribution, systemic toxicity, and multidrug resistance, creating a need for advanced drug-delivery systems.Nanocochleates have emerged as promising lipidic nanocarriers characterized by compact, tightly packed multilamellar structures formed through interactions between negatively charged phospholipids and divalent cations, particularly calcium ions.Their distinctive architecture provides drug protection, improved retention, and potential for sustained and controlled release.This review discusses the development of nanocochleates as smart nanocarriers for improved anticancer therapy, with emphasis on their fundamental characteristics, composition, formation mechanisms, preparation approaches, and physicochemical characterization.Their potential for delivering conventional anticancer agents and poorly bioavailable natural compounds is discussed, including applications involving doxorubicin, fisetin, paclitaxel, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol.Particular attention is given to passive and active tumor targeting, folate-, antibody-, peptide-, and tumor-microenvironment-based strategies, as well as pH-, redox-, enzyme-, and reactive oxygen species-responsive systems.The review further highlights nanocochleateenabled combination therapy, drug/gene co-delivery, immunotherapy integration, and potential approaches for overcoming multidrug resistance.Safety, toxicity, biocompatibility, formulation reproducibility, scale-up, quality control, regulatory requirements, and clinical translation are also considered.Future perspectives include multifunctional and theranostic nanocochleates, artificial intelligence-assisted formulation optimization, Quality by Design, personalized nanomedicine, and scalable manufacturing.Overall, nanocochleates represent a promising platform for precision cancer therapy, although rigorous in vivo validation, standardized manufacturing, long-term safety assessment, and well-designed clinical studies are required to establish their therapeutic and translational value and demonstrate clear advantages over established nanomedicine platforms in efficacy, safety, stability, and patientspecific therapeutic outcomes.