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Life sciences · Journal article
Frontiers in Oncology · October 21, 2026
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The management of advanced EGFR -mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved from limited targeted options to multiple effective first-line strategies, improving survival but increasing toxicity and treatment burden. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on first-line therapies, integrating clinical outcomes, toxicity profiles, and patient-centered considerations. Recent advances introduce trade-offs between efficacy and tolerability. Patients often prioritize symptom control, functional status, and time outside the healthcare system over modest gains in survival. Treatment selection must account for adverse events, monitoring requirements, and multidisciplinary care. In settings with limited access to molecular testing and novel therapies, such as Brazil and other middle-income countries, disparities further influence decisions. Optimal treatment requires balancing efficacy with safety, feasibility, and patient preferences; therefore, shared decision-making is essential for aligning clinical benefit with real-world constraints and enabling personalized care.