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Life sciences · Journal article
Revista Ibero-americana De Humanidades, Ciências E Educação · October 6, 2026
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Obesity and insulin resistance are significant public health issues associated with the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the gut microbiota has gained prominence due to its potential role in regulating energy metabolism, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, highlighting the key mechanisms involved in this relationship. Literature indicates that alterations in the composition and diversity of gut bacteria—termed dysbiosis—can affect intestinal barrier integrity, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, metabolite production, and the body's inflammatory response. Increased intestinal permeability can facilitate the translocation of bacterial components into the bloodstream, contributing to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which is considered a mechanism linked to insulin resistance. Furthermore, the microbiota can influence energy harvest from food and participate in regulating hormones and metabolic pathways associated with satiety, fat storage, and glycemic control. Thus, understanding the interplay between gut microbiota, obesity, and insulin resistance may aid in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at metabolic health. It is concluded that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of these conditions, although the relationship is complex and influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, medication use, and individual characteristics. Understanding these mechanisms underscores the importance of integrated approaches, particularly those that emphasize healthy dietary habits and the maintenance of a balanced gut microbiota.