Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Nutritional Neuroscience · September 23, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a high, low, and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (HCD, LCD, and LCKD) on hippocampal damage and memory impairment in high-fat diet (HFD) rats. METHODS: Male rats were allocated into five groups. A control group received normal chow for 16 weeks, whereas the remaining groups were fed an HFD for 8 weeks and were then switched to normal chow, HCD, LCD, or LCKD for a further 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Final body weight, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting glucose and insulin, and serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were increased in the high-fat diet and high-fat diet plus high-carbohydrate diet groups. These rats also showed increased hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, acetylcholinesterase, and nuclear factor kappa B messenger RNA and nuclear levels, together with reduced acetylcholine, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 messenger RNA and nuclear levels. Severe dentate gyrus degeneration was also observed, with generally greater changes after the high-carbohydrate diet. Low-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets attenuated these metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, structural, and memory abnormalities. However, increased hippocampal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 messenger RNA and nuclear levels occurred only with the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Thus, both diets alleviated high-fat diet-induced hippocampal damage and memory deficits, whereas the ketogenic diet additionally activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory axis.