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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory. · September 21, 2026
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This paper conducts a systematic review of existing literature in the field of childhood depression, aiming to comprehensively sort out and analyze the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic risk factors, difficulties in clinical identification, and comprehensive intervention strategies of this group. As a core issue at the intersection of psychiatry, psychology and pedagogy, the negative impacts of depression in children and adolescents have widely penetrated into multiple levels such as society, families and schools. This review covers key dimensions including early warning signals, psychosocial risk factors, disease comorbidity characteristics, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. First, this paper reviews the epidemiological status of this field, highlighting the rising incidence rate and the trend of younger age of onset in recent years; in particular, the increase in incidence among young children has aroused great attention from all walks of life. Second, this paper analyzes the current difficulties faced in clinical identification and diagnosis, including the diagnostic complexity caused by atypical symptom presentation, cognitive biases of guardians and comorbidity. Meanwhile, it focuses on core risk factors such as family environment, academic pressure and childhood trauma. Finally, this paper prospects the future development direction of treatment and intervention, emphasizing the necessity of constructing a comprehensive intervention model combining psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and environmental support, so as to provide scientific references for clinical diagnosis and treatment practice and family prevention work.