Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
iScience · September 18, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Host-microbe interactions in the upper respiratory tract (URT) niches that form the first line of defense against respiratory infections are incompletely understood. We profiled immune and microbial features using minimally invasive samples from 44 healthy adults (20–65 years), including nasopharyngeal (NPS), oropharyngeal (OPS), and mid-turbinate nasal swabs (MTSs), mucosal lining fluid (MLF), and saliva. Multiplex cytokine and antibody assays, 16S rRNA sequencing, and pathogen detection by PCR were performed. Immune and microbial profiles differed by niche: nasal samples showed consistently higher antiviral cytokine levels and Corynebacterium dominance. Oral samples had greater microbial diversity with distinct cytokine and antibody patterns. Saliva and MLF had the highest antibody concentrations, predominantly IgA. Integrated analyses identified site-specific microbe-immune associations. These findings show the feasibility of non-invasive, integrated profiling to uncover compartment-specific host-microbe relationships, providing a scalable framework for respiratory mucosal immunology and microbiome research with applications in infection surveillance and vaccine evaluation.