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Life sciences · Journal article
Nexus Multidisciplinary Research Journal · October 21, 2026
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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are chronic metabolic diseases strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: To analyze the relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular risk factors in adults treated at a healthcare institution in Barranquilla, Colombia, between 2023 and 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted through the review of medical records from patients aged 18 years and older. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 100 medical records was selected. Sociodemographic variables, family history, personal cardiovascular risk factors, and chronic complications were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, including the chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was established at p <.05. Results: Obesity was significantly more prevalent among men (64%) than women (36%) (OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.37–7.15; p =.0051). T2DM was more frequent in women (94%) than men (74%) (OR = 5.50; 95% CI: 1.46–20.76; p =.0064). Obesity was associated with younger age (p =.013) and family history of T2DM (OR = 3.14; p =.0271). Smoking showed a significant association with T2DM (p =.0097). T2DM was also associated with chronic kidney disease (OR = 4.76; p =.0326). Conclusions: Obesity and T2DM showed distinct epidemiological patterns according to sex and risk factors. T2DM, rather than obesity, was associated with chronic kidney disease in the studied population. Longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse populations are recommended to strengthen causal inference.