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Life sciences · Journal article
Theoretical and Natural Science · October 8, 2026
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system worldwide, and genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and lifestyle habits are all believed to contribute to its development. Surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy currently remain the mainstays of clinical management, however, tumor invasion and metastasis, multidrug resistance, and the adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy remain major obstacles to overall treatment efficacy. Agrimonia pilosa (Xianhecao), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, contains a variety of bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. Modern pharmacological evidence has demonstrated that these active compounds can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells, reverse multidrug resistance, and modulate glycolysis, autophagy, and multiple signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT and JNK/AKT. This review summarizes the chemical basis of A. pilosa, discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-CRC activity, and reviews available clinical observational studies. It also highlights the shortcomings of current research and proposes directions for future investigation, with the aim of providing a reference for experimental and clinical research on A. pilosa against CRC.