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Disease Diagnosis · Journal article
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · June 22, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This review systematically categorizes nanozyme catalytic mechanisms into reactive oxygen species-generating pathways and electron-transfer processes, tracing structural evolution from conventional nanoparticles to single-atom and dual-atom nanozymes. The authors establish a two-dimensional classification paradigm based on material chemistry and enzymological function, addressing applications in diagnostics, tumor therapy, antibacterial interventions, and regenerative medicine while identifying translational challenges.
Journal article. Clinicians, researchers, and life-science professionals developing or applying nanozyme-based technologies.
Nanozymes defined as nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like catalytic activity, concept first introduced in 2007 Classification framework spans two orthogonal dimensions: material chemistry (metal/metal oxide, carbon-based, MOF-based, single-atom, dual-atom) and enzymological function (oxidoreductase, hydrolase, lyase) Catalytic mechanisms critically re-evaluated into two categories: reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating pathways and electron-transfer processes
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This mechanistic framework provides rational design principles for deploying nanozymes in precision nanomedicine, addressing current clinical translational bottlenecks. The review envisions AI-guided rational design as a future direction for advancing nanozyme applications from bench to bedside.
Comprehensive mechanistic review synthesizing nanozyme catalytic principles and biomedical applications without presenting original experimental data or clinical trials.
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This mechanistic framework provides rational design principles for deploying nanozymes in precision nanomedicine, addressing current clinical translational bottlenecks. The review envisions AI-guided rational design as a future direction for advancing nanozyme applications from bench to bedside.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Nanozymes-nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activity-have emerged as a transformative paradigm in biomedicine. Their catalytic proficiency is fundamentally dictated by unique nanoscale characteristics, particularly tuneable surface defects and geometric configurations. This review critically re-evaluates nanozyme catalytic mechanisms, precisely categorising them into reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating pathways and electron-transfer processes. We highlight recent structural breakthroughs, emphasising the evolution from conventional nanoparticles to single-atom and dual-atom nanozymes (SANs/DANs) that exhibit unprecedented reaction kinetics. Furthermore, we synthesise their advanced applications across in vitro diagnostics, synergistic tumour therapy, antibacterial interventions, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we address current clinical translational bottlenecks and envision how artificial intelligence (AI)-guided rational design will shape the field's future. By bridging fundamental physical chemistry with clinical utility, this review provides a definitive mechanistic roadmap for deploying nanozymes in precision nanomedicine.
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