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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Science and Research · October 20, 2026
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Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of central adiposity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia that begins in childhood and predicts adult cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Its modifiable precursors can be detected in schools with simple, non-invasive measurements. Objectives: To assess the biophysiological risk factors of MS among adolescent boys and girls in a selected school in Chennai and to compare them between the sexes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 141 adolescents aged 13-17 years (75 boys, 66 girls) selected by stratified random sampling by class from a higher secondary school. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist, hip and neck circumference and blood pressure were measured, and dietary habits and physical activity were assessed. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Overweight or obesity was present in 18.7% (girls 28.8%, boys 9.6%), whereas 48.9% were underweight. A high-risk waist circumference was found in 35.5%, and 24.1% had systolic blood pressure in the elevated or stage 1 hypertension range. Physical activity was low in 63.8% (girls 77.3%, boys 52.0%), and dietary habits were moderate in 75.9%. Girls had a significantly higher BMI (21.50 vs 18.92 kg/m2, p =.002) and hip circumference (p =.029), while boys were taller (p <.001) and more active (activity score 34.40 vs 27.53, p <.001). Blood pressure and diet scores did not differ by sex. Conclusion: Modifiable risk factors of MS are already common in these adolescents, with a double burden of undernutrition and excess weight, and girls carry a heavier burden of adiposity and inactivity. Nurse-led school screening using BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure is feasible and can guide early prevention.