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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 23, 2026
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Background: Spexin is a novel 14-amino-acid peptide implicated in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation.Circulating spexin is reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its value in predicting poor glycemic control and its relationship with inflammatory markers remain incompletely defined.Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of serum spexin for poor glycemic control in T2DM and to examine its correlation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 patients with T2DM were stratified by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) into good (HbA1c <7%, n=45) and poor (HbA1c ≥7%, n=75) glycemic control groups.Serum spexin, TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP were measured by ELISA.Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR.Correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed.Results: Serum spexin was significantly lower in the poor-control group than in the good-control group (0.41 ± 0.14 vs. 0.72 ± 0.18 ng/mL; p<0.001), whereas TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP were significantly higher.Spexin correlated negatively with HbA1c (r = -0.62),fasting blood glucose (r = -0.55),HOMA-IR (r = -0.58),TNF-α (r = -0.51),IL-6 (r = -0.47),and hs-CRP (r = -0.44)(all p<0.001).In multivariate analysis, each 0.1 ng/mL decrease in spexin independently predicted poor glycemic control (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.29-2.19;p<0.001).A spexin cut-off of ≤0.53 ng/mL predicted poor control with 81.3% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity (AUC 0.86).Conclusion: Low serum spexin is an independent predictor of poor glycemic control in T2DM and is inversely associated with systemic inflammation, supporting spexin as a candidate biomarker linking metabolic dysregulation and chronic low-grade inflammation.