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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 21, 2026
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Introduction: Severe hemorrhage in the head and neck region remains a life-threatening emergency, particularly in advanced malignancies, trauma, and postoperative complications.While selective arterial embolization is the modern standard of care, its availability is limited in resource-constrained settings.External carotid artery (ECA) ligation continues to serve as a rapid, effective, and accessible surgical option in such scenarios.Objective: To evaluate the role, indications, and clinical outcomes of ECA ligation in controlling severe hemorrhage among head and neck patients in the era of selective arterial embolization.Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary rural hospital from January 2021 to August 2025.Medical records of 14 patients who underwent ECA ligation for uncontrolled hemorrhage due to malignancy, postoperative bleeding, trauma, or vascular emergencies were reviewed.Patient demographics, etiology of bleeding, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed descriptively.Results: Of the 14 patients (mean age 52.7 years; 57.1% male), the majority (57.1%) presented with postoperative hemorrhage following oral cancer surgery.Other indications included post-radiotherapy bleeding (14.3%), posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (14.3%), trauma (7.1%), and prophylactic ligation in a carotid body tumor (7.1%).Hemostasis was achieved in all cases, enabling continuation of planned oncologic treatment in postoperative cancer patients.No major neurological complications were observed.Conclusion: External carotid artery ligation remains a safe, effective, and life-saving procedure for uncontrolled head and neck hemorrhage, particularly in resource-limited settings where selective arterial embolization is unavailable.Beyond immediate hemorrhage control, ECA ligation facilitates stabilization and continuation of definitive oncologic therapy, underscoring its continued relevance in modern surgical practice.