Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · October 19, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Abstract Herein, the synthesis and characterization of four new water-soluble pincer-copper complexes of the type (R2NNN)CuCl2 (R = C6H5, p-OMe-C6H4, p-Me-C6H4, and p-F-C6H4) based on bis(imino)pyridine ligands have been reported. The complexes exhibited significant cytotoxicity against a monolayer of MCF-7 breast cancer cells following light irradiation. Notably, the complex (Ph2NNN)CuCl2 demonstrated the highest efficacy among the pincer-Cu complexes, with an IC50 of 11 μM in the presence of light and an IC50 of 25 μM in dark conditions, making it ideal for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complex (Ph2NNN)CuCl2 demonstrated selectivity for MCF-7 cells, as indicated by its reduced cytotoxicity against HEK cells. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) led to photo-oxidation-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by the Annexin V/PI assay and concomitant G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, cleaved PARP (cPARP) expression upon photoactivation also confirmed the induction of apoptosis. This work provides an avenue for future applications of strategically engineered water-soluble pincer-metal complexes in cancer phototherapy.